Buddhism

The fundamental teachings of Buddhism revolve around the Four Noble Truths, which acknowledge the existence of suffering, the causes of suffering, the possibility of cessation of suffering, and the path to achieve liberation from suffering, known as the Eightfold Path.

Buddhism emphasizes ethical conduct, meditation, mindfulness, compassion, and cultivation of wisdom as essential components of spiritual practice. The teachings of impermanence, interconnectedness, and the concept of non-self are central to Buddhist philosophy, guiding practitioners on a path of self-discovery and realization of the true nature of reality.

Tibetan Buddhism

The Sakya school was founded in the 11th century and is known for its scholarly approach. It places a strong emphasis on the study of Buddhist philosophy, logic, and scriptural texts. The Sakya tradition is characterized by its unique rituals, deity practices, and the Lamdre teachings.

The Gelug school, also known as the "Yellow Hat" sect, is the newest of the major Tibetan Buddhist traditions. It was founded in the 14th century and is renowned for its emphasis on monastic discipline, rigorous study of Buddhist philosophy, and the use of logic and debate. The Dalai Lama is traditionally associated with the Gelug school.

The Jonang tradition was initially founded in the 12th century and has had a complex history. It places emphasis on the Zhentong philosophical view, which asserts the existence of a transcendent, ineffable Buddha-nature. The Jonang school is known for its unique meditation practices and the Kalachakra tantra.

The Nyingma school is the oldest tradition of Tibetan Buddhism and traces its roots back to the introduction of Buddhism in Tibet in the 8th century. It emphasizes the Dzogchen teachings, known as the "Great Perfection," and places importance on meditation, mantra recitation, and visualization practices.